Ground loop cancellation

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This circuit avoids the need for a coupling transformer when feeding audio from an external source into a transceiver or speech processor mike input. The circuit power supply must share a common negative ground connection with the processor or transceiver.

The input and output are both RF filtered using ceramic capacitors. Gain can be changed by scaling the 4k7 resistor on U1a. Do not earth the Mike GND terminal to the chassis or the power supply. It must only connect as shown. It must also connect normally at the transceiver.

If the input resistance needs to be above 1k, the 1n capacitor may need to be reduced to 100p or so to avoid excessive lowpass filtering of the audio input. A JFET OpAmp is recommended to reduce the RF sensitivity of the circuit, but 741 OpAmps have been tested and work fine also.


 

How it works:

The Mike GND voltage is sampled and amplified by a total gain of unity into the output signal. Any ripple on the mike ground is then copied into the OpAmp output. This maintains equal ripple voltages on the OpAmp output and the Mike out terminal, thus cancelling the current flow.

Since common OpAmps have noise levels that are too high for a mike input, the audio is amplified by U1a then scaled down again to mike level after U1b. This also improves the ground loop cancellation by an additional 30dB or more.

The circuit performs very well with 1% metal film resistors. No special parts matching or trimming is necessary.
 

Update

Here's an updated version of the circuit that also features differential input. This circuit cancels ground loops at both the input and output sides. The input balance is not perfect, but very close. To improve this, a nulling trimpot could be added in series with the 4.7k resistor on pin 3. If a trimpot is added, reduce the 4.7k resistor by about half the trimpot's value to ensure good adjustment range. The input "Ground" terminal must only connect to the equipment feeding the input. Do not connect it to the chassis or PCB ground of the circuit. If a socket is used, it must be an isolated type. If the input is sensitive to RF, try connecting a 47pF capacitor from pin 1 to pin 2 of U1a.

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